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Bukit Brown at a Crossroad; Possible alternative

Mar 24, 2012

With the increased in population in Singapore, We envisioned that more land would be taken up by infrastructures.

Areas occupied by roads will also grow to accommodate the concomitant growth in car population in Singapore. We recognized that the relevant agencies have implemented various measures to manage and curb growth in car population.

Over the years, these measures include improvement in road systems and ERP. At the same time efforts have been made to make public transportation palatable to a wider section of the population. The greatly expanded rail network is a case in point.

However, it has been demonstrated that these measures, touted as ways to slash or curb car numbers, have been unsuccessful.

It must also be recognized that the car population cannot be allowed to grow unabated, especially when there is fierce competitive uses for limited land. A measure of proportionality must prevail.

Should it be skewed one way or another, they should be for the good of the great majority.

In this instance, a 8-lane highway is to be built to allow for a smoother flow of traffic over a short stretch of road.

This is essentially to address a localized problem for some transient periods of time.

This problem could also be contributed by heavy and slow traffic flow in regions immediately adjacent to Lornie Road. We ponder its necessity and its ability to ameliorate the bottleneck encountered here and further afield, in areas leading to and leading away from Lornie Road.

These glacial traffics hinder the flow of vehicles, including public buses, which serve a greater proportion of the commuting public. With these schedules disrupted, it is not surprising that public transportation has been branded as unreliable.

An alternative passage to the PIE can be implemented that could alleviate the congestions experience along Lornie Road and the close vicinities.

With the continuing expansion of the rail network (more in the pipeline), it is also time to relook current measures to manage car population.

The alternative

The traffic coming from the north-east region of Singapore is largely channeled to the PIE via Lornie Road. The main axes leading to Lornie Road are Bartley Road, Upper Serangoon Road and the CTE, through Braddell Road. Lornie Road also receives substantial traffic coming down from Upper Thomson Road, serving heartland areas of Bishan and Ang Mo Kio.

Traffic going down Adam road could have been slowed down by the busy Farrer-Bukit Timah junction. The slip roads from Lornie Road into both direction of PIE may also be inadequate.

Furthermore, the PIE itself may have been overwhelmed by heavy traffic, streaming from the east and city and north, via the CTE. This, in turn, slows down the traffic joining and leaving PIE at that junction. Several schools are situated around Whitley Road and Bukit Timah Road. Parents dropping off and picking up their children also impede traffic.

All in, the traffic is the wider area around and linked to Lornie Road are in the same state, slowed to a crawl in those hours!

Lornie Road merely serves as a conduit to channel traffic from one congested area to another. Having passed through the snarl on Lornie Road itself, motorist would still find themselves inching their way through many of the roads with myriad of intersections. During peak hours, the traffic exceeded the carrying capacities of Lornie and these other roads that are either feeding traffic into or draining traffic from it.

The lighted junction of Sime Road and Lornie Road serves the needs of a small number of cars leaving SICC. But it contributes substantially to the congestion and should be done away with.

The capacity of the PIE can be doubled with a extensive viaduct built over PIE (akin to West Coast/Pasir Panjang Road, Upper Serangoon Road, near Lor Lew Lian) as a two-tier highway.

With leaving Bukit Brown intact in mind, a viaduct can start from the Thomson/Marymount /Braddell junction (Junction A) area, above the Thomson Road southward towards the old Police Academy, swing west at the corner on PIE west of the Thomson Flyerover (Junction B).

A slip road can allow traffic to join the PIE towards the East. The viaduct then follows the course of the PIE, over the Mt Pleasant Flyover (Bottleneck 2) and Adam Flyover (Bottleneck 1).

It may rejoin PIE somewhere before the Eng Neo (or even before Exit 22).

Alternatively, it can continue westwards to reach BKE. Eastwards, the viaduct can link up with CTE and perhaps beyond.

This viaduct would allow a large part of the east-west traffic to avoid those junctions that are feeding traffic into the PIE or bleeding traffic to surrounding regions.

It thus allows some unhindered traffic on the viaduct, enabling them to avoid junctions or exit roads of no relevance to them.

At the same time, these measures de-congest the original PIE, early smoother traffic flow in and out of peripheral roads.

Similar viaducts like the West Coast/Pasir Panjang Road viaduct and Upper Serangoon (passing Paya Lebar Methodist Church) viaduct and others essentially serve to allow motorists unimpeded travel,

Doubling the capacity of main carriageways through multi-tier methodology should be carried out more widely.

This would allow the capacity of existing land devoted to roads to be harnessed several hundred percents. Converting new land to roads can be avoided, allow them to retain its present purpose or purposes that benefit other segment of the population (other than the motoring population). We ‘double’ exploit, where possible, the thousands of square kilometer of existing road surface that has already covered a substantial amount of land area in Singapore.

With direct reference to Bukit Brown, the grounds should be left in its existing state.

The value of natural greenery defies easy quantification in terms of its biodiversity, climatic and environmental moderation, aesthetic and therapeutic benefits.

The quality matters a great deal too.

Open grasslands, such as golf courses, are not substantive greenery, lacking in diversity and biomass. Here the greenery needs to be ‘multi-tiered’ as well and would do better to contribute the benefits mentioned prior.

Spaces need to be set aside for the times when the populace is not contributing to the GDP.

Nature areas play valuable roles while seem idle.

They contribute to the GDP by providing the counterbalance to a hectic lifestyle; rejuvenate us, enabling us to contribute to the GDP through healthy productivity and optimal consumption of resources. Nature heals in mysterious ways.

Though unquantifiable, they nevertheless have immense power and value and contribute positively to the national ‘pie’, our economy.


Overall, this new highway does not alleviate the jam if the downstream hiccups are not done away with. By zooming out, It would be noted that the traffic snarl cover areas greater than Lornie Road itself. A more comprehensive study is needed.


By building this highway, it could only mean that a greater volume of vehicles is trapped and sitting through the jam, spewing toxic gases into the atmosphere.


On a wider perspective, it will be a very expensive undertaking to accommodate more cars on our road. This is in terms of the resources and their impact on the health of the environment and the population.


A high level panel must be created to comprehensively relook the overall infrastructural needs at many levels and involving many levels of consultation. All concepts and projections, however mundane or radical, must not be hastily dismissed but duly and rigorously addressed.

The relevant agencies must be forthcoming in seeking expertise input, even non-mainstream ones. Pertinent information must be shared in order that consultation covers all aspects.

A convincing outcome would be one that is acceptable to all.


















By Goh Si Guim
First published as a note on the facebook page of the Nature Society (Singapore)
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Cemeteries closed in 1973

Taken from Bukit Brown Heritage Singapore Facebook Group:

This is the list of the 42 cemeteries that were closed by the Commissioner of Public health, Dr Koh Thong Sam, on 22nd Jan 1973.

1. Unnamed Muslim Cemetery at Palmer Road.
2. Keramat Habib Noor at Palmer Road.
3. Keramat Iskander Shah at Cox Terrace off Canning Rise.
4. Kubor Lama at Mosque St/Pagoda St.
5. Perkuboran Wakaff at Irwell Bank Road/River Valley Road.
6. Unnamed Muslin Cemetery at Istana grounds opp Buyong Road.
7. Unnamed Muslim Cemetery at Arab Street.
8. Tanah Perkuboran at Jalan Kubor/Rochore Canal Road.
9. Unnamed Muslim cemetery at Jalan Sultan/Victoria Street.
10. Tanah Perkuboran Kampong Soo Poo at Kg Soo Poo off Kallang Road.
11. Tanah Perkuboran Race Course at Race Course Road/Tessensohn Road.
12. Jewish Cemetery at Orchard Road.
13. Ngee Ann Kongsi Burial Ground behind Tan Tock Seng Hosp grounds.
14. Private Family Cemetery at Thomson Road opp Chancery Lane.
15. Private Family Cemetery opp Fernhill Road/Stevens Road.
16. Private Family Cemetery next to Bt Theresa off Kg Bahru Road.
17. Gan Eng Seng Cemetery at Kheam Hock Road.
18. Private Family Cemetery at Whitley Road.
19. Heap Guan San Cemetery at Kg Heap Guan San, 4ms Telok Blangah Rd.
20. Unnamed Muslin Cemetery at Kampong Bahru Road/Telok Blangah Road
21. Tanah Perkuboran Telok Blangah at Marang Road.
22. Telok Blangah Perkuboran Marang Road at Marang Rd/Telok Blangah Rd
23. Keramat Panjang at Lorong 1, Geylang.
24. Tanah Perkuboran Kallang at Kallang Rd next to Firestone.
25. Unnamed Muslim Cemetery at Kallang Road next to Firestone.
26. Keramat Khatijah at Lorong 40, Geylang.
27. Unnamed Muslim Cemetery at Guillemard Road/Lim Ah Woo Road.
28. Hindu Endowments Board Cemetery at Lorong 3, Geylang.
29. Lee Cheng Heang Cemetery at 4-3/4ms Upper Serangoon Road.
30. Private Family Grave at Jalan Hock Chye.
31. Kwang Siew Suah Cemetery at Bukit Timah Road/Clementi Road.
32. Private Family Burial Ground at Cheng San Road.
33. Sin Hock Suah at Tampines Road 9 m.s.
34. Unnamed Muslim Cemetery at Siglap Road end.
35. Kubor Kampong Siglap Lama at Upp East Coast Rd/Jalan Sempadan
36. Kubor Tok Penghulu Lasam at Jalan Sempadan
37. Tanah Perkuboran Pulau Sebarok at Pulau Sebarok
38. Kubaor Wakaff Tanah Merah Kechil at Upper East Coast Road
39. Kubor Wakaff Kampong Tengah at PonggolRoad/Jalan Kg Tengah
40. Kubor Lorong Baling at Loring Baling
41. Presbyterian Church Cemetery at Florence Road/Poh Huat Road
42. Japanese Cemetery at Chuan Hoe Avenue off Yio Chu Kang Road

Govt Gazette of 4 January 1973 Supplement No S40 made under The Environmental Public Health Act, Chapter 155 Section 109(I).

31 cemeteries closed by the order of the Commissioner of Public Health on 22nd September 1973.

1. Chinese Cemetery at College Road - rear of Faulty of medicine.
2. Chinese Cemetery at Junction of Holland Road/Lorong Jodoh.
3. Chinese Cemetery at Sommerville Estate Road.
4. Chinese Cemetery at Malcolm Road.
5. Chinese Cemetery at Fifth Ave off Bukit Timah Road.
6. Chinese Cemetery at River Valley Road.
7. Chinese Cemetery at End of Greenleaf Lane.
8. Tan Tock Seng's Burial Ground at Outram Road.
9. Chinese Cemetery at Loriong A-Leng off Paya Lebar Road.
10. Keramat Ganja at junction of rangoon Rd/Race Course Road.
11. Keramat Allauddin Shah at Sultan's Mosque, North Bridge Road.
12. Muslim Cemetery at Jalan Tentaram.
13. Keramat Panjang at Ringwood Road off Arthur Road.
14. Muslim Cemetery at Jalan Hajijah.
15. Muslim Cemetery at Bukit Kasita off Kampong Bahru Road.
16. Keramat Panglima Prang at River Valley Road.
17. Kubor Wak Tanjong at Kampong Wak Tanjong Mosque, Paya Lebar Rd
18. Keramat Habib Ismail at Upper Bukit Timah Road 8-3/4m.s.
19. Keramat Radin Mas at Mount Faber Road.
20. Chinese Cemtery at Anthony Road opp Winstedt Road.
21 Chinese Cemetery between Tanglin Road and Jervois Road.
22. Chinese Cemetery at Alexanda Road.
23. Chinese Cemetery at Silat Road.
24. Chinese Cemetery at Whitley Road.
25. Chinese Cemetery at Railway, North of Kampong Bahru bridge.
26. Chinese Cemetery, side of Railway at Tiong Bahru.
27. Chinese Cemetery at Whitley Road.
28 Chinese Cemetery at Whitley Road.
29. Chinese Cemetery at Farrer Road.
30. Chinese Cemetery at Lorong Koo Chye.
31. Chinese Cemetery at Havelock Road.


1973 was the bumper year for cemetery closures by the government.
Apart from the previous 2 lists of 42 and 31 cemeteries, here are the others that were closed in 1973.

1. Bukit Brown Cemetery Lot 25-4,29,30 & 33 of Mk17 (01.01.1973)
2. Chinese cemetery at Tanglin. Lot 12-17,19,20 &32 MkII (10.01.73)
3. Bidadari Hindu Cemetery Lot 41-40 &41-42 Mk 24 (10.01.73)
4. Bidadari Christian cemetery. Lot 42-8, 41-7 41-8 Mk24 (10.01.73)
5. Tanjong Kling Muslim Cemetery (Peng Kang) Lot 753 (10.01.73)
6. Bidadari Singhalese Cemetery Lot 41-8 Mk 24 (29.01.73)
7. Unnamed Muslim cemetery at Kampong Tebing Terjun. (07.02.73)
8. Old Christian Cemetery at Canning Rise (13.03.73)
9. Chinese war Emergency Burial Ground at Coronation Road (13.3.73)
10. Tan Tock seng Hosp Burial ground Plantation Ave (13.3.73)
11. Middleton Hosp Burial Ground (Infectious Disease) at Upp Serangoon Road 5-1/4 m.s.)
12. Hokkien Cemetery (Kopi Sua) Lot 111-11,9 & 13 Mk 17 bet Mt Pleasant Rd and Whitley Road.
13. Hokkien cemetery (Lau Sua) Lot 111-15 Mk 17 at Kheam Hock Road.
14. Hokkien "Ong" Cemetery on both sides of Adam Road near junction of Kheam Hock Road.
15. Bombay Dawoodi Bohra Fund Muslim Cemetery at 431 Serangoon Road.
16. Kubor Wakaff Muslim Cemtery Lot 293 at VIctoria St.
17. Tanah Perkuboran Bukti Purmei at Bukit Purmei.
18. Chinese cemetery at Chua Chu Kang Rd 16m.s. L44Mk12 (16.04.73)
19. Chinese Teochew Cemetery at Sungei Kadut Kranji L71&81Mk11 (16.4.73)
20. Chinese cemetery at Siak Kuan Road.(16.4.73)
21. Muslim cemetery at Kampong Ayer Bajau.(16.4.73)
22. Muslim cemtery at Wing Loong Road.(16.4.73)
23. Muslim Cemetery at Pulau Ubin - batu Daun.(16.4.73)
24. Muslim cemetery at Pulau Tekong - Kampong Seminea.(16.4.73)
25. Muslimn cemetery at Pulau Tekong Kampong Salabin.((16.4.73))
26. Muslim cemetery at Pulau Tekong Kampong Seyangkong.(16.4.73)
27. Muslim cemetery at Pulau Tekong kampong Batu Koyak.(16.4.73)
28. Muslim cemtery at foreshore Pulau Sakra.(16.4.73)
29. Muslim Cemetery at Jalan Bahar L183 Mk9. (16.4.73)
30. Muslim cemetery at Lorong Akar (16.4.73)
31. Muslim cemetery at South Seletar Mk20. (16.4.73)
32. Muslim cemetery at Ponggol End.
33. Muslim cemtery at Kampong Loyang.
34. Muslim cemtery at Nicoll Drive Mk 31(16.4.73)
35. Muslim cemetery at Paulau Ubin Kampong Chek Jawa
36. Muslim cemetery at Pulau Ubin kampong Surau
37. Muslim Cemetrey at Pulau Ubin Sungei Durian.
38. Muslim cemetery at Pulau Ubin Kampong Bahru.
39. Muslim Cemetery at Pulau Tekong Kampong Pasir
40. Muslim cemetery at Pulau Tekong Kampong Sayongkong.
41. Muslim cemetery at Pulau Tekong Kampong Ayer Sama.
42. Muslim cemetery at Pulau Tekong kampong Semenei
43. Muslim cemetery at Pulau Tekong kampong Ayer samak
44. Muslim cemetery at Pulau Tekong kampong Pahang.
45. Hindu cemetery at Mk 19 Lorong Nayang North Seletar.(16.4.73)
46.Peck Kong Chinese cemetery at Bukit Peropok (Jurong Hill) (18.04.73)
47. Kwong Wai Siew Peck san Teng cantonese Cemetery at Kg san Teng/Thomson Road/Bradell Road. (08.08.73)
48. San Kiang Shanghainese Cemetery at Jalan Rimau off Jalan Eunos.
49. Kwong Ngee Swa Teochew cemetery at Upp Serangoon Rd 4-3/4ms.
50. Tanah Perkuboran Sekijang Pelepah at Lazarus island.
51. Tanah Perkuboran Pasir Panjang at Zehnder Road.
52. Hock Eng Swa Hokkien Cemetery at Lor Panchar off 6th Ave Bt Timah.
53. Kwong Meng Swa Chinese (Buddhist) cemetery at Bright Hill Drive
54. Kheng Chiu Tin Hou Kong Hainanese cemetery at Bright Hill Drive.
55. Sam Fo Ee San Teng cantonese Cemetery at Upp Changi Rd 6-1/2 ms.
56. Kubor Wakaff Teban at Lorong Sulam off Jalan Eunos.
57. Kubor Kassim at Siglap Road.
58. Kubor wakaff Siglap darat at palm Drive off Upp East Coast Road.
59. Yin Foh Fui Kuon Cemetery Reburial Site at Mk 4 Commonwealth Lane.
60. Unnamed Muslsim cemetery t Hajjah Fatimah Mosque jalan Sultan.
61. Tanah Perkuboran Ulu Pandan at end of Greenleaf Lane.
62. Lui Chwee Suah cemetery at Jalan Lembah Bedok. (15.11.73)
63. Hock San Teng Hokkien Cemetery at Upp Changi Road 8-3/4 m.s.
64. Wah Su-ua Teng Teochew cemetery at Hwa san Road Upp east Coat Road.
65. Wah Su-ua teng Teochew cemetery at Jalan Tiga Ratus.
66. Kubor wakaff Nyaii at Parbury Avenue.
67. Tanah Perkuboran Islam at Plywood Road off West Coast Road.
68. Kubor Wakaff Tanah Merah Kechil at Upp east Coat Road.
69. Kubor Wakaff Seranggong Kechil at Ponggol Road 8-3/4ms.
70. Tanah Wakaff Perkuboran at Pulau Seking.
71. Church of Our Lady of Nativity Cemetery at Holy Innocents Lane/ Upp Serangoon Road.
72. Parsee Cemetery at Jalan Bumbum Selatan off Jalan Hong Keng.
73.Burmese Buddhist Cemetery at Jalan Bumbum Selatan off jalan Hong Keng.
74. Unnamed Muslim cemetery at Nicoll Drive 15-1/2 ms.
75. Pasir Panjang Military Cemetery off Ayer Rajah Road vis Dover Road. (15.11.73)
76. Bidadari Muslim cemetery Lot 41-11,23,42 &43 MK 24. Upp Serangoon Rd (17.12.73)

Perkuboran = Perkuburan = Cemetery
Kubor=grave Tanah=land. Burial Land or cemetery.

Compiled by James Tann

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More on Singapore's Bukit Brown

More on Singapore's Bukit Brown
                                        
International Institute for Asian Studies
Newsletter 63, Spring 2013

There is pressure world-wide concerning how societies, and nation states more specifically, manage their dead. On the one hand, there is the practical consideration of body disposal at the time of death. On the other, there are social and cultural considerations that link to beliefs and identities and which are important for social stability and cultural sustainability within and across communities. Such value systems are under threat because of the infrastructural and spatial needs of growing populations, particularly in urban spaces. - See more at: http://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/more-singapores-bukit-brown

Link to article

http://www.iias.asia/sites/default/files/IIAS_NL63_0809.pdf

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